Heat and Thermodynamics: Concepts of temperature and heat, temperature- dependent properties and processes, heat transfer; laws relating heat and other forms of energy

Radioactivity. Natural Radioactivity, Nature of alpha particles Beta rays Gamma rays. Radioactive series laws of radioactive decay, Half life and Artificial radioactivity.

Overview of the universe, evolutionary development of the universe beginning with the Big Bang through structure formation and galaxy formation, star formation and stellar life cycles, planet formation, the planetary system, and life in the universe, the Earth in the solar system.

Vibrations and waves. Ferroelectricity, Piezoelectricity and Pyroelectricity.  Electricity and magnetism topics of particular relevance to geophysical exploration. Basic physics underlying different applied geophysical methods such as gravity method, seismic reflection and refraction methods.

Practical:

1.    Vertical Distance between two points and height of an inaccessible object

2.    Stopping power of α-Particles

3.    Methods of producing good practices in data gathering, recording, and analysis. Characteristics of common instrumentation and basic circuits.