Introduction economic minerls and rocks and their classification. Processes of formation of economic mineral deposits: magmatic segregation, hydrothermal solution, metasomatism, sedimentation, evaporation, residual and mechanical concentration and metamorphism. Relationship of mineral deposits to plate tectonic settings. Introduction of geological exploration / prospecting. Brief description of hydrocarbons, coal, gemstones, copper, lead, zinc, iron, gold, chromite, manganese, salt, gypsum, bauxite, sulfur, barite, fluorite, clays, phosphorite, building stones, industrial rocks and radioactive minerals and rocks with special reference to deposits in Pakistan.

Practical:

Identification and description of ores and industrial minerals/rocks. Grade and reserve estimation of deposits.