System Programming overview : Application Vs System Programming, System Software, Operating system, Device Drivers, OS Calls. Window System Programming for Intel386 Architecture: 16 bit Vs 32 bit, Programming, 32 bit Flat memory model , Windows Architecture. Virtual Machine (VM)Basics, System Virtual Machine, Portable Executable Format, Ring O Computer, Linear Executable format, Virtual Device Driver (V + D), New Executable format, Module Management, COFF obi format 16 bit. (Unix) other 32-bit O.S Programming for I 386; Unix Binaryble format (ELF), Dynamic shared objects, Unix Kernel Programming (Ring O), Unix Device Architecture (Character & Block Devices), Device Driver Development, Enhancing Unix Kernel.